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venkatmba - 2008-7-31 22:20:00

Evolve or die
不进则退

　　（1）THE personal computer spawned[1] a new industry. But many of the firms that initially flourished in the PC era are now finding life difficult. Dell, the leading PC-maker, issued a profit warning last week that sent its share-price to a five-year low. Intel is trying to regain ground lost to AMD, its increasingly confident competitor. Microsoft has just announced that it will buy back 8% of its shares for around $20 billion—a sign that its high-growth days are behind it.

　　（2）But none of these firms is in mortal danger. That is more than can be said for many of the smaller firms of a similar vintage[2] to the PC. Novell's two top executives departed in June following a string of poor results. Silicon Graphics filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in May. 3Com replaced its boss earlier this year following lacklustre[3] performance. Borland shed one-fifth of its workforce and is preparing to sell the best-known part of its business; this month its finance chief r_______①.

　　All four firms are c_______② of the IBM PC, the creatures of a distant era when only around 200 institutions were connected to the internet. （3）Each had a bold vision of technology, but then failed to evolve as the very innovations they pioneered became commonplace.

　　Novell prospered by selling networking software to link up computers and enable group-working. Yet the firm failed to keep up with its rivals, c_______③ Microsoft and IBM. It then shifted strategy and acquired an open-source software company in 2004, leaving users of its earlier products feeling neglected.

　　Silicon Graphics, founded in 1982, makes sophisticated computers for modelling things such as cars and aeroplanes. But as PCs became more powerful, the firm was wrongfooted[4] by the shift to commoditised hardware: its last profitable year was 1999. (The firm has kept itself afloat by selling its lavish office buildings to Google, the technology industry's d______④ today.)

　　Similarly, 3Com, which makes computer-networking gear, floundered[5] as such products turned into low-cost commodities. （4）And Borland, which makes programming tools, was squeezed between industry giants on the one hand and free software on the other.

　　（5）Companies that start off with a wildly successful product often fail to stay the course, explains Jim Collins, the author of “Built to Last”. “If you have a great idea, it creates a false sense that you are stronger and more successful than you actually are,” he says. Failure to evolve can then lead to e_______⑤.

　　个人计算机（PC）造就了一个新产业。然而，众多最初在PC时代兴盛一时的公司如今却发现举步维艰。头号PC制造商戴尔公司上周发布了一则利润警报，造成其股价跌至五年来最低水平。因特尔也在设法夺回被其信心与日俱增的对手——AMD所占领的市场。微软则刚刚宣布将以200亿美元左右的价格回购其8%的股份——这意味着它曾经的高速增长时代已成过眼烟云。　

　　不过，这些公司还没有哪一家面临灭顶之灾，而许多同期开始生产PC的小公司就说不准了。Novell公司的两位最高执行官由于一连串糟糕的业绩已于6月份离职。硅谷制图公司则于5月份申请了《破产法》第11章规定的破产保护。3Com公司的老总也因无出众成绩而于今年早些时候被免职。Borland公司则裁减了五分之一的员工，并拟转让公司部分知名业务；其财务主管也已在这个月辞职。

　　这四家公司与IBM个人计算机均处于同一时代，都出自那个久远的年代——当时只有200家左右的公共机构接通了互联网。在技术上，它们个个都曾有着大胆的洞察力，可当它们开创的新技术广为应用时，自己却止步不前了。

　　Novell依靠销售连接计算机并实现群组工作的网络软件获得成功，可是最终却被它的对手（主要是微软和IBM）甩到了后面。后来，它又转变战略，于2004年接手了一家开放源代码软件公司，这又让其前期产品的用户有一种被怠慢的感觉。
成立于1982年的硅谷制图公司生产用于绘制汽车、飞机之类模型的高尖端计算机。但是随着PC功能日趋强大，硬件商品化的转变将该公司逼入了尴尬境地：它最近一个创收年还是1999年。（该公司已将其奢华的办公大楼卖给了当今技术产业新宠Google公司，从而得以走出困境。）

　　同样，生产计算机网络设备的3Com公司由于此类产品沦为廉价商品而感到不知所措。还有生产程序设计工具的Borlan公司可谓腹背受敌，一边是各大公司，另一边则是自由（免费/少许收费）软件。

　　《以建设谋持久》一书作者吉姆•科林斯解释说，依靠某种红极一时的产品发家的公司常常都无法坚持到最后。（译注：按照Longman注解，wildly一词有两个意思，一是“in a very uncontrolled or excited way”，即“失控地，兴奋地，狂热地”，二是“extremely”，即“极度，非常”。这句话的意思是指：有些公司刚开始推出一种产品并大获成功，从而得以扬名立万，可由于缺乏与时俱进的意识而原地踏步或者干脆倒闭。这句话为后面的引语作了铺垫。“有了一个好主意”是不够的，不能吃老本，要不断“想出好主意”，不断进步。）他说：“如果你想出一个好主意，就会给你一种错觉，以为你自己很强大，很成功，其实并非如此。”不进则退啊（不能进化就会走向灭绝）。

1. 根据上下文和英文释义，补全单词：
①r_______（v. to officially announce that you have decided to leave your job or an organization）
②c_______（n. someone who lived or was in a particular place at the same time as someone else）
③c________（adv. mostly but not completely [= mainly]）
④d________（n. used when speaking to someone you love；the most popular person or thing in a particular group or area of activity）
⑤e________（n. when a particular type of animal or plant stops existing）

2. 英译汉（将划线部分英文翻译成中文）：

词汇：
1. spawn v. 产卵，大量繁殖后代；造成，产生
2. vintage n. 葡萄酒酿造年期；制造年期
3. lackluster adj. 无光泽的；黯淡的，不活跃的
4. wrongfoot v. to surprise and embarrass someone, especially by asking a question they did not expect使难堪；使窘促不安: Woo's political skill and ability to wrongfoot the opposition
5. flounder v. 挣扎；踌躇，不知所措；有很多问题且极有可能失败

答案：
1. ①resigned 辞职（表示“to leave a job or organization”：leave • quit • resign • retire • hand in your notice/resignation递交离职通知/辞职书 • pack/jack it in辞掉；离开；停止）
②contemporaries 同时代的人（物）
③chiefly 首要地；主要地（用于表达“the main reason for something or the main part of something”的词有：mainly • largely/chiefly • primarily/principally • above all • first and foremost）
④darling 心爱的人；宠儿
⑤extinction 消灭；灭绝
2.（见译文，仅供参考，欢迎指正）

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 22:21:00

American consumers like convenience very much. much. During the last 50 years, there has been a dramatic increase in such labor-saving devices as automatic washing machines, clothes dryers, dishwashers, food processors, microwave ovens, garbage disposals and power lawn mowers. Today, all of these and many more, are found in a typical suburban home. These labor-saving devices are designed to reduce the time spent on housework. However, the time that Americans save is quickly spent on other activities.
　　The American desire for convenience also created the concept of fast-food restaurants, found in every city and almost every small town in the United States, and now exported all over the world. These fast-food restaurants, such as McDonald's and KFC, serve sandwiches, salads, fried chicken, seafood, and other food to hurried customers in five minutes or less, often at a drive-up window. There are also a wide variety of restaurants that will deliver Chinese food, pizza, and other dishes to people's homes in about a half-hour. In many areas there are take-out taxis that will deliver food from the menus of 20 or 30 different restaurants for a small charge. For those who prefer to prepare their food at home, American grocery stores are full of convenience foods that are packaged and ready to cook or' even precooked.
　　Like microwave ovens and dishwashers, fast-food and take-out restaurants are convenient because they save the American consumer time that would otherwise be spent fixing meals or cleaning up. More than half of all the women in the United States are currently employed. This includes mothers with children under the age of 18. More than half the women with little children under the age of six hold jobs. Sixty-eight percent of the women who have school-age children are employed. Families with working mothers need all the time-savers they can get.
　　Thus, the conveniences that Americans desire reflect not so much a leisurely lifestyle as a busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted. Alexis de Tocqueville was one of the first to see in this a curious paradox ( 自相矛盾) in the American character. He observed that Americans were so busy working to acquire comforts and conveniences that they were unable to relax and to enjoy leisure time when they had it. Today, many Americans have what one medical doctor has called the hurry sickness.

1. The increase in labor-saving devices in the last 50 years reflected
A. a shortage of labor force in America
B. people's need to reduce the time spent on housework
C. Americans' interest in doing housework
D. the quick change of American family life

2. Americans like fast food and take-out restaurants because
A. they are cheap
B. they offer nutritious and tasty food
C. they provide superior service
D. they are convenient

3. It is implied in the passage that
A. fast food is not as nutritious as home-cooked food
B. fast food restaurants are more popular than take-out restaurants in the U.S.
C. most of the cooking at home is done by women
D. more men than women prefer eating convenient food

4. The conveniences that Americans desire reflect
A. a leisurely lifestyle
C. a wasteful habit
B. a busy lifestyle
D. a lazy character

5. The curious paradox in the American character (Last Para. ) means that
A. Americans were so busy working to acquire comforts and conveniences that they were unable to relax and to enjoy leisure time when they had it
B. Americans love comforts and conveniences very much, yet they don't know how to get them
C. Americans value time very much, yet they are too wasteful of material things
D. Americans know it's unhealthy to eat fast food, but they just can't resist it

答案与解析如下：

1．B。根据第一段，美国人喜爱方便，他们使用各种家用电器是为了方便他们做家务，减少他们集资做家务所花的时间。
2．D。根据第二段，第三段，快餐，外卖店很方便，避免了他们做饭，饭后洗刷等家务，因此美国人喜欢它们。
3．C。在第三段中提到，快餐，外卖店很方便，节省了做饭，饭后洗刷等家务，所以很受到欢迎。因为现在一半以上的美国妇女都有工作，因此母亲有工作的家庭需要所有的可以节省时间的方法。也就是说，在家中做饭，做家务大都是女人的事情。
4．B。根据最后一段，美国人最求的方便反映的不是他们悠闲的生活方式，而是忙碌的生活方式，因此B是正确答案。
5．A。在最后一段中，美国人的*格中有一种“自相矛盾”，即他们忙于工作是为了得到舒适和方便，可他们太忙了，以致不能放松和享受悠闲。所以A是正确答案。

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 22:21:00

Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people.
　　Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.

1.With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?
A．Types of mass transportation.
B．Instability of urban life.
C．How supply and demand determine land use.
D．The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.

2.Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?
A．To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.
B．To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.
C．To show mass transportation changed many cities.
D．To contrast their rate of growth.

3.According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?
A．It was expensive.
B．It happened too slowly.
C．It was unplanned.
D．It created a demand for public transportation.

4.The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,
A．that is large.
B．that is used as a model for land development.
C．where the development of land exceeded population growth.
D．with an excellent mass transportation system.

Vocabulary
1. revise 改变
2. fabric 结构
3. catalyze 催化，加速
4. sort out 把……分门别类，拣选
5. omnibus 公共汽车/马车
6. trolley （美）有轨电车，（英）无轨电车
7. periphery 周围，边缘
8. sprawl 建筑物无计划延伸，蔓延，四面八方散开
9. lot 小片土地
10. underscore 强调，在下面划横线
11. transit lines 运输线路
12. subdivision （出售的）小块土地，再划分小区

答案详解
1. D 公共交通运输对城市扩展的影响。文章开门见山提出这一点“公共交通运输从三个根本方面改变了美国城市的社会和经济结构。”后面文章内容就是三方面的具体化。A. 公共交通运输类型。 B. 城市生活的不稳定。 C. 供需如何决定土地利用。这三项文中作为具体问题提到，并不是文章涉及的主要题目。

2. C 说明公共交通改变了许多城市。答案箭第一段第四句“举例说，1850年，波士顿市界离老的商业地区几乎不到2英里，到了这世纪末，其半径扩至10英里。现在供得起的人们可以住得很远，远离老的城市中心，仍然来回去那里上班、购物和娱乐”。第七句，“举例说，在1890至1920年期间，据记载，芝加哥市界内有约250，000个新的住宅楼区大多数设在郊区。经过同样这段时期，市区外，但仍在芝加哥大都市地区内，又计划建造了550，000个住宅楼区。”A. 表示成长的正反两方面效果。B. 举有无公共交通运输的城市为例。 D. 对比两者成长率；都不是本文中举两城市例子的目的。

3. C 没有计划。见第二段第三句起“城市扩展蔓延根本无计划，好几千个小的投资商进行扩展，毫不考虑相互协调配合利用土地，也不考虑未来土地利用。”A. 太贵和 B.太慢，两个选项，文内没有提。D. 它创造了对公共交通运输的需求。这不是住宅扩展的一个缺点，而是三个根本改变城市的一个方面。见第一段第三句：“通过大量开发未占土地扩建住宅，公共汽车、马车、铁路、来回火车，有轨电车把已有人定居的居住区向外扩展了三四倍，比他们先现代时期的市中心更远。”

4. C（第二段中以芝加哥城市例子说明）土地开发超过人口增长速度。答案详见第二段“这些购买和置备土地建设住宅，特别是购置临近城市或就在市界外的土地，抢在交通线路和中产阶层的居民进去之前。他们这样做的目的是创造一种需求，也是响应这种需求。芝加哥就是这种过程的典型例子。那里的房地产小块土地比人口增长快得很多很多。”A. 城市大。B. 用作土地开发的样板。 D. 具有优越的公共的交通系统。

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 22:22:00

The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, you’d expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a moderate cost. What was once the ‘grand tour’, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody’s grasp. The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamed of. But what’s the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?

　　Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.

　　The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, ‘Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites’ of that ‘Latin peoples shout a lot’. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?

　　Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact—how trite it sounds! – that all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.

1. The best title for this passage is
A．tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations.
B．tourism is tiresome.
C．conducted tour is dull.
D．tourism really does something to one’s country.

2. What is the author’s attitude toward tourism?
A．apprehensive.
B．negative.
C．critical.
D．appreciative.

3. Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shout a lot?
A．silent.
B．noisy.
C．lively.
D．active.

4. The purpose of the author’s criticism is to point out
A．conducted tour is disappointing.
B．the way of touring should be changed.
C．when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception.
D．national stereotypes should be changed.

5. What is ‘grand tour’ now?
A．moderate cost.
B．local sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist organization.
C．people enjoy the first-rate comforts.
D．everybody can enjoy the ‘grand tour’

Vocabulary ：
1. superb 卓越的，杰出的，第一流的
2. moderate 中庸的，中等的，适度的
3. grand tour 大旅行，指旧时英国富家子弟教育中，到欧洲大陆观光的旅行，为学业必经阶段。
4. package tour 由旅行社代办而费用与路线、日程固定的假日旅游。也可用package holiday。
5. chartered flight 包机航班
6. set out to do sth. = begin a job with a particular aim 开始做某事，决心/打算做……
7. cosset 宠爱，溺爱，纵容
8. conducted tour = guided tour 有人指导/引到下的参观，有导游的旅游
9. censor 检查
10. wander off 离开原处/正道，离群，漫步，漫游
11. quarters 住处，营
12. paella 西班牙什锦饭
13. chip 炸马铃薯条（土豆条）
14. amorous 多情的，色情的
15. pedantic 学究式的，卖弄学问的
16. generalization 归纳，概括
17. stir up 惹起，煽动，挑起
18. trite 陈腐的，老一套的

答案详解：
1. A 旅游对增进民族了解毫无建树。第二段开始点出，许多旅游组织直接负责旅游事宜，他们有意识不让旅游者接触当地居民，让他们过着一种关怀备至又与世隔绝的生活。住的是国际饭店，吃的是国际食品，喝的是国际饮料，在原处观看当地居民。严格有序的计划使旅游者难以自己一人闲逛，语言的障碍，又使他们乐意接受保护。第三段涉及坚持民族模式化――老一套的想法，所以一开始旅游，你见到的民族特*就只是证实了你自己设想的基本事实――所有人民都是人类。只有交朋友才能知道民族模式是多么荒谬、有害，可是旅行社竭力制止，你又怎么能交上外国朋友呢？这一切说明A项对。 B.旅游很累。C.导游观光很单调乏味。D.旅游确实对国家有贡献。

2. C 批评。

3. B 吵吵闹闹的。

4. B 旅游的方式应改变。整篇文章（除第一段外）都环绕旅游方式不理想来进行批评。第二段集中在导游观光使旅游者难以和当地人民接触。第三段，见到的只是证实了旅游者本人事先形成的思想/先入之见，旅游根本达不到了解对方的目的。第四段讲了民族固定模式（先入之见的模式）的可怕后果。要使人懂得所有的人们都是人类，彼此相似，又各具特点，就得改变旅游的方式。A.导游观光令人失望。C.旅游时，你见到的特*证实了你的先入之见。D.民族模式应当改变。这三条都是批评的具体内容。

5. D 人人都能享受大旅游。大旅行是专指英国富家子弟上学中的一门课程－到欧洲大陆观光。不是人人都能享受。这里用grand tour表示人人都能享受类似grand tour的一切，甚至超过，如第一段指出：现代旅游者享受的舒适设施，达到了大旅行中老爷、小姐们做梦都没有想到的水平。海陆空高级交流联络通讯系统，使人们有可能钱花得不多就能访问、观光别的国家。所以说，曾是有钱人专享的大旅行，普通人也能领略。“grand tour”有引号，表明作为比喻。 A.费用不高。文内是费用合适、中等、恰当。B.当地观光受组织审查。C.人们喜欢一流舒适设施。

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 22:29:00

Strictly Ban smoking

　　If you smoke and you still don’t believe that there’s a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn’t make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.

　　You don’t have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It’s almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivable, be harmful, it doesn’t do to shout too loudly about it.

　　This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.

　　Of course, we are not ready for such a drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you’d think they’d conduct aggressive anti-smoking campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisement always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!

　　For a start, governments could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning – say, a picture of a death’s head – should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals, we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.

1. Why do a few governments take timid measures toward smoking?
A．because they are afraid of people.
B．Because diseases cost a lot.
C．Because they are afraid of the cutting down of their revenue.
D．Because they are afraid of manufacturers.

2. The tone of this passage is
A．critical.
B． ironical.
C．distaste.
D．amusing.

3. What does the sentence “because you are in good company” mean?
A．you are backed by the government.
B．You are not alone.
C． You have good colleagues.
D．Governments are blind to evils of smoking too.

4. What is the best title of this passage?
A．World Governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking.
B．World governments take timid measures against smoking.
C．smoking is the most important source of income to many countries.
D．tobacco industry spends a large sum of money on medical research.

Vocabulary：
1. a wishful thinking 根据愿望的想法，不顾事实的想法

2. puff 喷 puff its way to 一路吞云吐雾走向（指抽烟抽到死）

3. lukewarm 冷淡/漠然

4. insidious 阴险的，狡猾的

5. virile 年富力强的

答案详解：
1. C 因为他们害怕收入减少。答案见第二段。“你不用看得很远就能发现为什么官方对医学成果的反应如此冷淡，答案就是钱。烟草是征税的最奇妙的商品，几乎就像日用面包的税收。光烟草税收一项，英国政府就从抽烟人身上征到足以支付整个教育措施的费用。所以在当局那么谨慎地指出吸烟有害时，可以想象，喊叫得太响时不行的。”A.他们害怕人民。D.他们害怕厂商。文中没有。B.疾病花费很大和软弱无力的禁烟措施有关。不是花费大而采取弱政策。

2. B 讽刺语气。特别表现在第一段、第四段。A.批评语气，整篇文章都在批评，这不是什么语气问题。这里时以讽刺的口吻加以批评政府软弱的禁烟政策。C.厌恶。D.有趣。

3. D 政府对吸烟的恶果也是视而不见。A.政府支持。太明朗化。B.你不是单独一人。和C.你有好同事，都是似是而非的答案。这可以上下文说明，第一段：“假如你吸烟，依然认为吸烟和支气管炎、心脏病、肺癌等毫无关系，那你是自欺欺人。可没有人会说你虚伪。我们可以说你是患有一厢情愿病。这你无需太难受，因为你有好伙伴。每当提出吸烟和健康有关的问题时，大多数国家的政府对其恶果视而不见、听而不闻、嗅而不觉。”

4. A 世界各国政府应该开展眼里的禁烟运动。因为前面四段都是现象：1.政策软弱。如英国政府只在电视上禁止烟草广告以高位人们的良知。另一方面人民继续一路吞云吐雾走到癌症死亡。2.讲烟草的税收高，所以不严禁。3.这项政策的后果是疾病花费大于烟草税收。⑷烟草广告泛滥毒害人。唯一解救的办法就是禁烟。最后一段是结论，也是画龙点睛的主题和标题。“作为起步，政府可以从禁止烟草广告开始，然后应开展抵制吸烟的广告运动。一切公共场合，如戏院、电影院、返点等应禁止吸烟。应竭尽全力告诫青年，尤其是告诫他们染上恶习的严重后果。在零卖的每包烟盒上应有一令人胆战心惊的警告：例如，一幅骷髅头画像。作为个人，我们力量薄弱，可是如果政府真诚地鼓舞人心的行动起来，他们可以保护我们。”B.世界各国政府采取禁烟政策软弱无力。C.吸烟是许多国家重要收入。这两项是不分具体内容。D.烟草工厂在医疗研究上花了大笔费用。

stone3chen2000 - 2008-8-27 16:34:00

kankan

exmexm - 2008-10-16 21:28:00

fshgdts3463yewt566
好

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