中国留学之家 09年度全国-MBA英语模拟试题(9)及答案

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:23:00

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Section I Vocabulary (10 %)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on. ANSWER SHEET 1.

Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled____ a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.
A. to B. with C. for D. on

A. B. C. D.

2.
The capital intended to broaden the export base and ________ efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.
A. secure B. extend C. defend D. possess
A. B. C. D.

3.
The roles expected___ old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.
A. of B. on C. to D. with
A. B. C. D. ：

4.
At first, the_____ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.
A. transaction B. transmission C. transformation D. transition
A. B. C. D.

5.
France's ____of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.
A. assumption B. consumption C. presumption D. resumption
A. B. C. D.

6.
His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties_____.
A. came off B. came on C. came round D. came down
A. B. C. D.

7.
It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be____ at the manager's office.
A. declared B. obtained C. reclaimed D. recognized
A. B. C. D.

8.
When I___ my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.
A. woke up B. took to C. picked up D. came to
A. B. C. D.

9.
The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest and ____ to everyone.
A. speculation B. attribution C. utilization D. proposition
A. B. C. D.

10.
You don't have to install this radio in your new car, it's an_____ extra.
A. excessive B. optional C. additional D. arbitrary
A. B. C. D.

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:24:00

11.
Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could __________.
A. descend B. decline C. deteriorate D. depress
A. B. C. D.

12.
______ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.
A. Orientation B. Access C. Procession D. Voyage
A. B. C. D.

13.
One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships _________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.
A. cautiously B. dutifully C. faithfully D. skillfully
A. B. C. D.

14.
The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _________ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.
A. everything except B. anything but C. no less than D. nothing more than
A. B. C. D.

15.
Fuel scarcities and price increases _______ automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.
A. persuaded B. prompted C. imposed D. enlightened
A. B. C. D.

16.
The chairman of the board _________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.
A. compelled B. posted C. pressed D. tempted
A. B. C. D.

17.
The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once _________.
A. thrived B. swelled C. prospered D. flourished
A. B. C. D.

18.
However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _________ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.
A. overturn B. overtake C. offset D. oppress
A. B. C. D.

19.
When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as _________.
A. novel B. remote C. distant D. foreign
A. B. C. D.

20.
For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost _________ as microorganisms. 来源：
[url="][/url]
A. precisely B. instantly C. initially D. exclusively
A. B. C. D.

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:24:00

21.
Section ⅡCloze (15 %)
Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1.
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21) ____ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) ____ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in (23) ____ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (24) ____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (25) ____ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are subject to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly (26) ____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (27) ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (28) ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (29) ____ lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also (30) ____ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (31) ____, children are likely to have less supervision at home (32) ____ was common in the traditional family structure. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (33) ____ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (34) ____ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (35) ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
21. [A] acting relying [C] centering [D] cementing
22.　[A] before unless [C] until [D] because
23. [A] return reply [C] reference [D] response
24. [A] considering ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding
25. [A] on in [C] for [D] with
26. [A] affect reduce [C] chock [D] reflect
27. [A] point lead [C] come [D] amount
28. [A] in general on average [C] by contrast [D] at length
29. [A] case short [C] turn [D] essence
30. [A] survived noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced
31. [A] contrarily consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously
32. [A] than that [C] which [D] as
33. [A] expense restriction [C] allocation [D] availability
34. [A] incidence awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity
35. [A] provided since [C] although [D] supposing

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:24:00

36.
Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(40 %)
Part A
Directions: Read the following 5 passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A,B,C,orD.Mask your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Questions 36 to 39 are based on the following passage:
It was inevitable: in the rapidly shrinking world of global entertainment, Hollywood was destined to discover Hong Kong. Can a vampire resist fresh blood? Can an industry that always goes where the action is turn its back on an industry whose products are even more thrill-happy than its own? And Hong Kong , the second largest exporter of movies in the world, has been churning out (大批而廉价的造出) some of the most exuberant mayhem since Bruce Lee.
Last week the $ 60 million action film Broken Arrow with John Travolta and Christian Slater opened. It was directed by John Woo, revered for his explosions of violence in hilarious Hong Kong movies. Next week New Line will release an English-language version of Rumble in the Bronx, starring Jackie Chan, whose comic action adventures have made him probably the world’s most popular star.
Hong Kong's move into Hollywood is an economic marriage of sorts(差劲的). It comes just in time for the British colony. Cinema in Hong Kong is in serious decline-----ticket sales for locally made movies have plummeted(大坡度落下) 30 percent since 1992. Local audiences have become fed up with a flood of low quality productions. Unlike Chan’s movies, made on sizable budgets over a period of six or eight months, many of Hong Kong’s 200 movies a year are made in a little more than a month, with no regard to plausibility or continuity. “Now Asian, Chinese people don’t like Hong Kong movies anymore.” Chan complains, “A hundred moviemakers doing the same thing. Very quick. Quick money. They are not looking for a new road. The audience want to see Western movie.”
This makes Hollywood very tempting-----for the select few who can succeed here. As for what Hollywood gets out of Hong Kong, the biggest economic incentive may be low costs. In addition to delivering cheap thrills, Hong Kong directors have endeared themselves to U.S. studios by working fast and spending little. That’s a refreshing change form profligate(奢侈的) U.S. productions. Then there is the increasing internationalization of Hollywood’s audience: by some estimates, three quarters of an American film’s box-office take will come from outside the United States by the next century. For U.S. studio chiefs, that alone makes it worthwhile to find a non American sensibility for the director’s chair.
Is America ready for this Asian infusion? On college campuses and big cities, where festivals of Hong Kong cinema draw big crowds, it is a sign of hipness (时髦) to toss around such action-star names as Chan and Chow Yun-fat. Whether these Hong Kong talents can succeed in Hollywood is unclear, but the Hong Kong style has already arrived. Latest Hollywood movies show certain Hong Kong characteristics, while John woo boasts that the models for his movies are Hollywood directors Martin Scorsese and Sam Pechinpah. Thus Hollywood is importing guys to do U.S. versions of Hong Kong visions inspired by Hollywood movies in the first place. Which comes first, the chicken or the egg?
The irony deepens when you watch Woo's movie Broken Arrow. Dumb, sometimes exciting, it may well be Woo’s first big American commercial hit. But the Woo signature has been erased, anonymous Hollywood clone, and his future here seems secured. But will Woo ever be Woo again?
36．According to the passage, Hong Kong
A. is the largest exporter of movies in the world.
B. Is the second largest exporter of movies in the world?
C. Is the second largest importer of movies in the world?
D. beats Hollywood in the rapidly shrinking world of global entertainment.
37．Hollywood appeals to Hong Kong talents because
A. cinema in Hong Kong is in serious decline.
B. Local audiences want Hong Kong stars to take over Hollywood.
C. Hollywood movies can be made in less than a month.
D. Hollywood offers them a better chance to succeed.
38．The biggest attraction of Hong Kong to Hollywood is
A. the internationalization of Hollywood’s audience.
B. the low costs of Hong Kong made movies.
C. the speed of Hong Kong directors.
D. the popularity of Hong Kong movie stars
39．What can be inferred from the last Paragraph of the article?
A. John Woo will never be called John Woo again.
B. John Woo's first big American commercial hit is dumb and sometimes exciting.
C. Woo's movie Broken Arrow is an irony.
D. Woo succeeds in Hollywood at the cost of losing his own style.

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:25:00

40.

Questions 40 to 43 are based on the following passage:
Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major element to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful effect on the economy in at least four ways:
Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system serving the entire nation, as is the large and complex military establishment. Conversely, the construction and maintenance of most highways is the responsibility of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily paid for by county or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation(卫生设备) services are also the responsibilities of local government.
Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private enterprise in many ways, for the purpose of assuring that business serves the best interests of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a monopoly (专利权，垄断), such as in telephone or electric service, or in other areas where there is limited competition, as with railroads or airlines. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable profit, but limits their ability to raise prices unfairly(as defined by the regulators), since the public depends on their services. Often control is exercised to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of quality in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control.
Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board, attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by adjusting tax rates(including regulations pertaining to depreciation), The money supply, and the use of credit. They can also affect the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself.
Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to businesses and individuals. For example, tariffs permit certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to compete better with certain foreign goods. Government also provides aid to farmers by subsidizing (资助，津贴) prices they receive for their crops. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social insurance programs to help the unemployed and retirees. Government also supplies relief for the poor and help for the disabled.
40．Which of the following services is not offered by the federal government?
A. Postal system
B. Military establishment
C. Funding the public educational systems
D. Police and fire protection service
41．If the US government raises its tariffs, then
A. the American products may get an upper hand in competing with certain foreign goods.
B. the American consumers can buy more cheap foreign-made products.
C. the import volume of US may increase greatly
D. the domestic inflation can be eliminated
42．The Food and Drug Administration was established for the purpose of
A. eliminating monopoly
B. supervising the standards of quality in food
C. fighting against the government’s control
D. fighting against the foreign competition
43．In telephone or electric service, regulation is necessary because
A. in these areas monopoly has been established
B. these areas are faced with fierce competitions
C. these enterprises are inclined to make unfair sentfits
D. these enterprises concern a tot with the public security

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:25:00

41.

Questions 40 to 43 are based on the following passage:
Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major element to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful effect on the economy in at least four ways:
Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system serving the entire nation, as is the large and complex military establishment. Conversely, the construction and maintenance of most highways is the responsibility of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily paid for by county or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation(卫生设备) services are also the responsibilities of local government.
Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private enterprise in many ways, for the purpose of assuring that business serves the best interests of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a monopoly (专利权，垄断), such as in telephone or electric service, or in other areas where there is limited competition, as with railroads or airlines. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable profit, but limits their ability to raise prices unfairly(as defined by the regulators), since the public depends on their services. Often control is exercised to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of quality in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control.
Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board, attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by adjusting tax rates(including regulations pertaining to depreciation), The money supply, and the use of credit. They can also affect the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself.
Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to businesses and individuals. For example, tariffs permit certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to compete better with certain foreign goods. Government also provides aid to farmers by subsidizing (资助，津贴) prices they receive for their crops. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social insurance programs to help the unemployed and retirees. Government also supplies relief for the poor and help for the disabled.
40．Which of the following services is not offered by the federal government?
A. Postal system
B. Military establishment
C. Funding the public educational systems
D. Police and fire protection service
41．If the US government raises its tariffs, then
A. the American products may get an upper hand in competing with certain foreign goods.
B. the American consumers can buy more cheap foreign-made products.
C. the import volume of US may increase greatly
D. the domestic inflation can be eliminated
42．The Food and Drug Administration was established for the purpose of
A. eliminating monopoly
B. supervising the standards of quality in food
C. fighting against the government’s control
D. fighting against the foreign competition
43．In telephone or electric service, regulation is necessary because
A. in these areas monopoly has been established
B. these areas are faced with fierce competitions
C. these enterprises are inclined to make unfair sentfits
D. these enterprises concern a tot with the public security

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:25:00

44.

Questions 44 to 47 are based on the following passage:
：

As we cross the threshold into the next century, human society is beginning its move from the industrial economy into the knowledge-based economy. In more specific terms, the application of information to the economy is best exemplified in the networking of communication, or the so-called Net economy. This net refers to the computer network of satellites, optic fibers, cables and telephone lines that connect the whole world. With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven-and-half times around the earth per second. Generally, there are two aspects of the Net. One is the networking between businesses and their customers. The other is the networking between individual businesses, or the regional and even global networking between industrial production and scientific research. Internet shopping belongs to the first aspect.
From a long-term perspective, Internet shopping is but a low-level aspect of the Net, and it is not likely to become the most important trend. After all, most merchandise is unsuitable for Internet shopping. Besides, if everyone shops on the Net, what will happen to the hundreds and thousands of shopping malls? Therefore, the second aspect of the Net will be more important. Its significance goes beyond that of connecting businesses. There have been reports of simultaneous consultation of doctors from all over the world on the Internet. These are early examples of high-level networking
It is estimated that the new synergy between computers and Net technology will have significant influence on the industry of the future. The sheer power of electronic commerce (e-commerce) will change the face of trade dramatically. Sporting Goods Company Puma was on the verge of bankruptcy back in 1992. From 1993, Puma began to diffuse its production, logistics and marketing divisions to 80 Net enterprises worldwide, and the results were spectacular. Puma was transformed from a sickly feline into a magnificent beast. The reason for this transformation is that intra-and inter-business electronic links greatly increase the efficiency of production, planning, the collecting of information and data exchange. As the business is rapidly being rationalized, production figures go up while costs come down.
The development of e-commerce may well bring the world into a brand-new era of electronic currency. With the emergence of a phantom electronic currency, every one of us would be affected. At the moment, developed areas in Europe, the United States and Asia have already started studying the possibility of an electronic currency. Electronic currency is not only about currency. It refers to an entire finance system of the world.
44．In what way will e-commerce change trade?
A. It’ll change those companies that verge on bankruptcy to prosperity
B. It’ll enhance the popularity both of the company and of its products
C. It’ll increase the sales volume
D. It’ll promote information exchange and production efficiency
45．With the development of the net
A. Man travels around the earth at a faster speed than ever before
B. Industrial economy will be as much promoted as the net economy
C. Low-level networking will be completely given over to high-level networking.
D. There will be closer links between industrial production and scientific research
46．Which one of the following statements is true about electronic currency?
A. It has already been in wide use in developed countries
B. A kind of phantom e-currency has been circulated
C. It is more than a currency
D. Its feasibility has been proved in some developed areas
47．What’s the author’s tone in writing about net economy?
A. Doubtful
B. Critical
C. Neutral
D. Satirical

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:26:00

48.

Questions 48 to 50 are based on the following passage:
The longitudinal (纵向的) study demonstrates that students who receive ESL (English as a second language) instruction are far better than those taught primarily in their native language. A comparison of the three-year exit rates for students in ESL and bilingual programs shows that those who receive ESL instruction test out faster and in higher percentages than those who receive instruction in their native language, regardless of the grade in which they entered school. For example, 79.3 percent of the children who entered ESL programs in kindergarten tested out, while only 51.5 percent of those who received their education in their native languages did. Likewise, 72.9 percent of the LEP(limited English proficiency) students who entered programs in the first grade tested out, while only 38.5 of those in bilingual programs did. For students who entered LEP programs in the ninth grade, 91.6 percent of those in native-language instruction classes still hadn’t tested out after three years, as compared with 78.1 percent of those in ESL classes.
Furthermore, children who had been in ESL classes tested 4 higher in English and math once they exited LEP programs than those who had received native-language instruction. Of the LEP students who entered in kindergarten or the first grade, 49 percent of those who had been in ESL classes eventually read at grade level, while only 32 percent of those who had been in bilingual classes performed that well. In math, the statistics are even more impressive. Of the children who entered in kindergarten or the first grade, more than 69 percent of those who had been in ESL classes eventually performed at grade level or above, as opposed to 54 percent of those who had been in bilingual classes.
Naturally, the study provoked (激起) a barrage of criticism from the highly political and vocal bilingual lobby, which prompted the New York City Board of Education to issue a paper in November 1994 mitigating the findings of the study and ignoring the distinction between students in ESL and bilingual education programs. Rather than exit rates, this paper focuses on the achievement of LEP students during the period in which they are in bilingual or ESL classes. The authors show that although the scores of LEP students were below average on the English-language test, their scores in all areas showed improvement; they point out that in math, there were insufficient data on the progress of LEP students to draw valid conclusions.
However, a report on citywide mathematics test results in New York in the spring of 1995 deals more fully with the math scores of the 26,248 students who were examined the previous school year in Chinese, Spanish, or Haitian Creole. According to this document, only 16.6 percent of these children were performing at or above grade level in mathematics. Although this figure represents an improvement of 1.1 percent over the scores of the previous year, it discredits the argument that native-language instruction keeps performing at grade level in subject areas. Although LEP students are improving faster than the national norm, they continue to perform far below the norm.
：来源：www.examda.com
48．This text is mainly about
A. a review of ESL, bilingual an LEP instructions.
B. A survey of new approaches to subject instructions
C. the merits of LEP education program
D. the achievements of bilingual and ESL programs.
49．From Paragraph 1 we learn that
A. ESL instruction could test students faster than LEP instruction
B. LEP students performed worse than did ESL students
C. Native-language instruction classes seemed to fail utterly.
D. The data of the longitudinal study were likely tentative
50．It can be inferred that the paper mentioned in Paragraph 4.
A. has devalued the findings of the longitudinal study
B. has dimmed the differences between students in different programs
C. focuses on the subject achievements of LEP students
D. seeks out the insufficient points in the longitudinal study.

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:26:00

51.

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
These days we hear a lot of nonsense about the ‘great classless society’. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great clichés of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn’t bear out the claim.
It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, ‘survival of the fittest’, and ‘might is right’ are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For ‘aristocracy’ read ‘meritocracy’; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained.
Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them ‘a good start in life’. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they will educate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was. In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.
51．What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.
B. Equality means money.
C. There is no such society as classless society.
D. Nature can’t give you a classless society.
52．According to the author, the same educational opportunities can’t get rid of inequality because
A. the principle ‘survival of the fittest’ exists.
B. Nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability.
C. Material rewards are for genuine ability.
D. People have the freedom how to educate their children.
53．Who can obtain more rapid success
A. those with wealth.
B. Those with the best brains.
C. Those with the best opportunities.
D. Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.
54．Why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent? Because
A. money decides everything.
B. Private schools offer advantages over state schools.
C. People are free to choose the way of educating their children.
D. Wealth is used for political ends.
55. According to the author, ‘class divisions’ refers to
A. the rich and the poor.
B. Different opportunities for people.
C. Oppressor and the oppressed.
D. Genius and stupidity.

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:27:00

1.

Section Ⅳ Translation (15 %)
Directions: In this part there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET 2.
Cultural norms so completely surround people, so permeate thought and action, that we ever recognize the assumptions on which their lives and their sanity rest. 56.) As one observer put it, if birds were suddenly endowed with scientific curiosity they might examine many things, but the sky itself would be overlooked as a suitable subject; if fish were to become curious about the world, it would never occur to them to begin by investigating water. For birds and fish would take the sky and sea for granted, unaware of their profound influence because they comprise the medium for every act. Human beings, in a similar way, occupy a symbolic universe governed by codes that are unconsciously acquired and automatically employed. 57.) So much so that they rarely notice that the ways they interpret and talk about events are distinctively different from the ways people conduct their affairs in other cultures.
As long as people remain blind to the sources of their meanings, they are imprisoned within them. These cultural frames of reference are no less confining simply because they cannot be seen or touched. 58.) Whether it is an individual neurosis that keeps an individual out of contact with his neighbors, or a collective neurosis that separates neighbors of different cultures, both are forms of blindness that limit what can be experienced and what can be learned from others.
It would seem that everywhere people would desire to break out of the boundaries of their own experiential worlds. Their ability to react sensitively to a wider spectrum of events and peoples requires an overcoming of such cultural parochialism. But, in fact, few attain this broader vision. Some , of course, have little opportunity for wider cultural experience, though this condition should change as the movement of people accelerates. Others do not try to widen their experience because they prefer the old and familiar, seek from their affairs only further confirmation of the correctness of their own values. Still others recoil from such experiences because they feel it dangerous to probe too deeply into the personal or cultural unconscious. Exposure may reveal how tenuous and arbitrary many cultural norms are; such exposure might force people to acquire new bases for interpreting events. 59.) And even for the many who do seek actively to enlarge the variety of human beings with whom they are capable of communicating there are still difficulties.
Cultural myopia persists not merely because of inertia and habit, but chiefly because it is so difficult to overcome. One acquires a personality and a culture in childhood, long before he is capable of comprehending either of them. To survive, each person masters the perceptual orientations, cognitive biases, and communicative habits of his own culture. 60.) But once mastered, objective assessment of these same processes is awkward since the same mechanisms that are being evaluated must be used in making the evaluations.

6.

Section V Writing(20 %)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Where to Live------- in the City or the Country? Your composition should be based on the outline given below. You composition should be about 120 words. Remember to write clearly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.:
Outline:
1. Conveniences of the city.
2. Attractions of the country.
3. Disadvantages of both.

4. My preference.

venkatmba - 2008-7-31 0:27:00

题号	正确答案
1	A
2	A
3	A
4	B
5	C
6	A
7	D
8	D
9	A
10	B
11	B
12	B
13	B
14	B
15	B
16	C
17	A
18	C
19	D
20	C
21	C
22	D
23	D
24	A
25	C
26	A
27	B
28	A
29	D
30	D
31	B
32	C
33	D
34	A
35	C
36	B
37	A
38	B
39	D
40	D
41	A
42	B
43	A
44	D
45	B
46	C
47	C
48	A
49	A
50	B
51	A
52	B
53	A
54	B
55	A

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