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首页 » 出国考试 » GMAT考试 » 现在分词伴随状语的正反向考法
飘香哈达 - 2008-6-15 7:42:00
GMAT语法中常常考查前一个分句的整体对后面一个对象的作用结果,一般认可的正确答案是使用现在分词做伴随状语。另外还有一种应用情况是,两个动作同时发生。在平时的语法中,我们常常使用连词and来连接两个动作,可是在GMAT语法中常常使用伴随状语。老鱼在它的讲座里举的一个例子就是:She is sitting on the tree and reading a book. (一般语法)7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
She is sitting on the tree, reading a book.(GMAT语法)7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
所以我们在以下两个情况下要使用伴随状语7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
1、 前一个分句的整体对后面某一个对象的作用7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
2、 两个同时发生的动作7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
一、正向考法7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
    正向考法就是要你识别出前一个分句是从整体上对后一个分句的宾语发生作用。例如:7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
He scored 100, making him the best student.7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
这里的making动作的逻辑主语就是前一个分句的整体。既不是前分句的主语也不是前分句的宾语,所以只可以使用伴随状语。7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
这样的正向考题非常非常多,ETS给出的干扰选项也非常有规律。7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
1、 which引导的非限制性定语从句7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
一般语法中可以使用which指代前面的整个分句,而GMAT语法中不允许。这个选项的干扰性最强。7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
2、 不定式7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
考生常常会忽略不定式的逻辑主语是否是句子的主语,所以也有干扰性。不过在GMAT里,似乎没有看到过逗号以后使用不定式仍然是正确答案的先例(平行对称结构除外)。7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
3、 介词宾语结构7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
介词宾语结构不如不定式,如果不是固定搭配最好不要用。7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
二、反向考法之7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
    既然一个考点可以正向考,如果不反向也考一考就没有难度了。反向的考法是,当前一个分句本来没有对后一个分句的宾语造成任何作用,题目却不断地引诱你去这样做。例如:7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
He went into the classroom and sit on the chair.(逻辑上很合理,只有进了教室才可以坐在椅子上)7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
ETS的干扰选项:He went into the classroom, sitting on the chair.(逻辑上就很荒谬了,在进教室这个动作发生的时候,他一直坐在椅子上)7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
He scored 100 in the 1st test and scored 99 in the 2nd test.(逻辑上很合理)7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
ETS的干扰选项:He scored 100 in the 1st test, scoring 99 in the 2nd test.(逻辑上很荒谬,第一次考了100导致第二次考99)7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
来一个实际中的例子,新东方补充教材新版本204题:7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
    很明显,is这个动作和merge这个动作不可能是同时发生的,也不可能是前一个句子的整体导致后面动作的发生,所以使用merge就错了。大家可以注意到,ABC三个选项都在引诱你使用伴随状语,这就是ETS的险恶用心。所以答案必须在DE中筛选。7cGÇ3ûæ ôhforum.pre-mbaclub.comcê> ¨Áð9
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